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American Civil War Fortifications (2) Land and Field Fortifications, Umocnienia
 
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RON FIELD was born in 194].
A history teacher for over ]0
years, Ron is presently Head of
History at the Cotswold School
in BOUl-ton-on-the-Water, UK.
He was awarded the Fulbright
Scholarship in 1982 and taught
at Piedmont High School in
California during 1982-8]. He
has traveled extensively in
the US, conducting research
at numerous libraries,
archives and museums, and
has written several books on
19th-century American history.
He was elected a Fellow of the
Company of Military Historians,
based in Washington, DC, in
2005. This is his second book for
Osprey's Fortress series.
PETER DENNIS was born in
1950. Inspired by contemporary
magazines such as Look
and
Leorn
he studied illustration
at Liverpool Art College.
Peter has since contributed
to hundreds of books,
predominantly on historical
subjects. He is a keen wargamer
and model maker and is based
in Nottinghamshire, UK.
Fortress· 38
American Civil War
Fortifications (2)
Land and field fortifications
,_,-_-'0,..:. -
-
--"..-
~
.-.
'-
Ron Field Illustrated
by
Peter Dennis
Series editors Marcus Cowper and Nikolai Bcgdanovic
First published in 2005 by Osprey Publishing,
Midland House, West Way, Betley, Oxford OX2 OPH. UK
443 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016, USA
E-mail: info@ospreypublishing.com
Acknowledgments
The author wishes to thank the following for their generous assistance:
the staff at the Petersburg National Batdefield (including Chris Calkins,
Park Historian;James H. Blankenship,Jr., Historian/Curator; Christopher T.
Ziegler, Archaeological Technician: and Nathaniel Irwin. Thanks are also
due to Robert E. L. Krick, Historian, Richmond National Battlefield Park:
Bernard J. Fisher, Richmond Civil War Round Table;James H. Ogden III,
Park Historian, Chickamauga
&
Chattanooga National Military Park; David
M. Reel, Curator of Fine Art
&
Decorative Art, West Point Museum, US
Military Academy; Richard Hatcher III, Park Historian, Fort Sumter
National Monument; Mark R. Terry; and Bobby L. Lovett.
© 2005 Osprey Publishing Ltd.
All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private
study, research. criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright.
Designs and Patents Act, 1988. no part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by
any means. electronic, electrical. chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise. without the prior written permission of the
copyright owner. Enquiries should be addressed to the Publishers
ISBN I 841768839
Artist's note
Cartography: Map Studio, Romsey, UK
Design' Ken Vail Graphic Design, Cambridge, UK (www.kvgd.com)
Index by Alison Worthington
Originated by PPS-Grasmere, leeds, UK
Printed in China through Bookbuilders
Readers may care to note that the original paintings from whith the color
plates in this book were prepared are available for private sale.AII
reproduction copyright whatsoever is retained by the Publishers. All
inquiries should be addressed to:
Peter Dennis, Fieldhead,The Park, Mansfield, Nottinghamshire
NGIB 2AT,UK
OS 06 07 08 09
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I
A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British library,
The Publishers regret that they can enter into no correspondence upon
this matter.
FOR" CATALOG OF ALL BOOKS I'UBlISHED BY OSPREY MILITARY AND
AVIATIO~
PLfAS£
CONTAC~
Measurements
NORTH AMERICA
Osprey Direct, 2427 Bond Street, University Parl<.ll60466, USA
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Distances, ranges, and dimensions are given in Imperial measures. To
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The Fortress Study Group ('FSG)
The object of the FSG is to advance the education of the public in the
study of all aspects of fortifications and their armaments, especially works
constructed to mount or resist artillery. The FSG holds an annual
conference in September over a long weekend with visits and evening
lectures, an annual tour abroad lasting about eight days, and an annual
Members' Day.
The FSG journal
FORT
is published annually, and its newsletter Casemate is
published three times a year. Membership is international. For further
details, please contact:
The Secretary,
cia
6 Lanark Place, London W9 IBS, UK
The Coast Defense Study Group (CDSG)
The Coast Defense Study Group (CDSG) is a non-profit corporation
formed to promote the study of coast defenses and fortifications,
primarily but not exclusively those of the United States of America; their
history, architecture, technology, and strategic and tactical employment.
Membership in the CDSG includes four issues of the organization's two
quarterly publications, the Coast Defense
journal
and the
CDSG
Newsletter.
For more information about the CDSG please visit www.cdsg.org,or to
join the CDSG, write to:
The Coast Defense Study Group, Inc., 634 Silver Dawn Court, Zionsville,
IN 46077-9088, USA (Ann: Glen Williford)
Contents
Introduction
4
Chronology
The antebellum experience, 1830-61
6
The key elements of field fortification
8
Semi-permanent field fortifications • Outer
field
fortifications
The war in the East, 1861-64
26
Defenses of Washington. May-Juty 1861' Big Bethel. 1861 • Manassas, 1861--62
Extension of the Washington defenses, 1861-64 • The Peninsula Campaign. 1862 • Battle ofWilliamsburg. 1862
The Richmond defenses, 1861-65
35
Siege of Suffolk, April II-May 4. 1863
The western campaign, 1862-64
38
Siege of Chattanooga, 1863 • Siege of Knoxville, 1863 • Struggle for Atlanta, 1864 • Siege of Savannah, 1864
War in the East, 1864-65
43
The Confederate attack on Washington, July I 1-12. 1864 • The Wilderness, 1864 • Spotsylvania, 1864
Bloody Angle, 1864 • Cold Harbor, 1864
The fortifications of Petersburg, 1864-65
48
Ufe in the Petersburg fortifications
The fate of the fortifications
58
Visiting the sites today
6 I
Further reading and research
63
Index
64
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